Suspicious veins

Suspicious Spirits, Flexible Minds:

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A suspicious clot.

A 72-year-old man presented with right-sided pleuritic chest pain, chronic cough and weight loss. Chest x ray revealed a moderate sized pleural effusion. Chest CT showed thromboem-bolism of the right main pulmonary artery, and pleural effusion with compression atelactasis of the right lower lobe of the lung (fig 1). As the thrombus appeared suspicious, being unilateral, central and occupying th...

Suspicious Nipple Discharge Diagnostic Evaluation

The diagnosis of ND begins with its characterization as either a physiological or pathological condition (Simmons et al., 2003). Physiological discharge, often a manifestation of breast manipulation, is usually bilateral, is white or green, and emanates from many ducts (Simmons et al., 2003). Possible causes of persistent physiological discharge include oral contraceptives, antihypertensives, t...

Varicose Veins

Varicose Veins

Under normal circumstances, blood collected from superficial venous capillaries is directed upward and inward via one-way valves into superficial veins. These in turn drain via perforator veins, which pass through muscle fascia into deeper veins buried under the fascia. Leakage in a valve causes retrograde flow back into the vein. Unlike deep veins which are thick-walled and confined by fascia,...